Free practice test
Free New York Real Estate Sales Agent License Practice Test
50 questions from across the whole exam, weighted like the official New York outline. Every question shows its answer and explanation. No sign-up.
New York exam facts
- Questions
- Multiple choice
- Time
- 90 minutes
- Passing score
- Pass/fail, no score given
- Exam fee
- $15
- Pre-licensing course
- 77-hour approved course
Verified against Become a Real Estate Salesperson (New York Department of State, Division of Licensing Services).
Question 1 of 50
A New York seller instructs a salesperson to reject buyers of a particular national origin. Which response correctly identifies the salesperson’s obligation?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Refuse to carry out the discriminatory instruction.
New York prohibits brokers and salespersons from discriminatory refusals to negotiate. A seller’s instruction does not authorize the salesperson to exclude buyers based on national origin.
From the free practice set Pressure to discriminate and anti-bias training
Question 2 of 50
A real estate salesperson learns that a buyer has not investigated insurance and closing is approaching. Which action best serves the transaction?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Prompt the buyer to obtain coverage advice and coordinate the insurance evidence required for closing
Insurance questions and lender evidence should be addressed before closing; the salesperson can facilitate that process and refer coverage advice.
From the free practice set Property insurance: homeowners and tenant policies, coverage, and the agent's role
Question 3 of 50
After a New York town adopts a plan under § 272-a, its own subdivision regulation and another governmental agency's capital project plan both affect covered land. Which statement correctly compares their statutory relationships to the plan?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: The town regulation must accord with the plan; the other agency's capital project plan must take it into consideration.
Section 272-a(11) uses accordance for town land use regulations and consideration for capital project plans of other governmental agencies.
From the free practice set The bundle of rights, planning, and private land use controls
Question 4 of 50
Which statement correctly describes the relationship among market value, price, and cost?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: They measure different things and may coincide or differ in a particular case
Value is worth under a defined basis, price is an amount asked, offered, or paid, and cost is expenditure. Their distinct meanings do not require different amounts or equal amounts.
From the free practice set Appraisal, valuation and evaluation; market value; value, price and cost
Question 5 of 50
A New York seller's agent says, 'The buyer is my customer, so I need not be honest with the buyer.' What is the best evaluation?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Incorrect, because the agent owes the buyer honest, fair, good-faith dealing.
New York distinguishes representation from duties to the other party. A seller's agent owes honest, fair, good-faith dealing to the buyer without representing the buyer.
From the free practice set The real estate agent, agency defined, and client versus customer
Question 6 of 50
After a qualifying default, a lender demands the unpaid balance and later brings a New York foreclosure action. How do these steps differ?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Acceleration makes the balance due; foreclosure enforces the mortgage lien through court.
Acceleration concerns when the debt is due. New York mortgage foreclosure is a court action enforcing the lien; the demand alone does not transfer ownership.
From the free practice set The mortgage and note, the mortgagor's duties, selling mortgaged property, and recording
Question 7 of 50
A New York town board proposes zoning rules for a parcel inside an incorporated village, relying on Town Law § 261. What issue should the salesperson recognize first?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: This grant of town zoning power excludes land within incorporated villages.
Section 261 restricts the town zoning power it grants to land outside incorporated villages and cities. A mailing address does not alter that territorial limit.
From the free practice set The local legislative body, the planning board, and the zoning board of appeals
Question 8 of 50
A salesperson realizes that a colleague is encouraging discriminatory client instructions to protect commissions. Which internal response best supports the lesson’s response process?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Bring the specific conduct to the sponsoring broker and document the facts.
Involving the sponsoring broker with a factual account supports timely supervision. Production pressure, reassignment, and delay do not address the conduct.
From the free practice set Pressure to discriminate and anti-bias training
Question 9 of 50
In agency terminology, which term is another name for the represented principal?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Client
The represented principal is the client. A customer is not represented by that agent, while the salesperson performs the representative role.
From the free practice set The real estate agent, agency defined, and client versus customer
Question 10 of 50
An investor buys a property for $500,000 using a $400,000 loan and $100,000 of personal funds. Which concept is illustrated by using the loan?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Leverage
Using borrowed funds to acquire the property is leverage.
From the free practice set Characteristics of real property investments and investment property types
Question 11 of 50
A New York buyer correctly identifies the condominium unit as real property but calls its associated common interest personal property. Which correction applies?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: The unit together with its common interest constitutes real property.
Section 339-g classifies the unit together with its common interest as real property; it does not make the common interest a separate personal-property component.
From the free practice set Condominiums: definition, by-laws, the sponsor, and the offering plan
Question 12 of 50
A seller's agent gives a buyer an agency disclosure identifying seller representation and then answers property questions. Which additional conclusion is justified without assuming a new agency agreement?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: The buyer can receive assistance while remaining a customer of the seller's agent.
Providing information is compatible with customer status. Neither disclosure nor questions alone establish a change in representation.
From the free practice set The real estate agent, agency defined, and client versus customer
Question 13 of 50
After receiving the required New York residential truss-construction application and form, who must notify the appropriate fire chief or designee?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: The local government having jurisdiction
Exec. Law § 382-b assigns notification of the fire chief or designee to the local government receiving the application and designation form.
From the free practice set Construction: permits, codes, certificates of occupancy, site requirements, and the structure
Question 14 of 50
Which set contains considerations used to decide whether an item is a fixture?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Attachment, adaptation, installation intent, party relationship, and agreement
Fixture analysis considers attachment, adaptation, intent, relationship, and agreement.
From the free practice set Real and personal property, uses of real property, and its characteristics
Question 15 of 50
A seller signs a New York agency disclosure receipt and later enters a listing agreement engaging the broker. Which statement best distinguishes those documents?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: The receipt acknowledges disclosure; the listing agreement authorizes seller representation.
New York's disclosure form is not a contract. The listing agreement is the owner-agent contract authorizing the sale, lease, or finding of a buyer or lessee.
From the free practice set The real estate agent, agency defined, and client versus customer
Question 16 of 50
A developer holds newly completed homes primarily for sale to customers and proposes exchanging them for investment land. How does the stated holding purpose affect federal Section 1031 treatment?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: The homes are excluded because they are held primarily for sale.
The exclusion for property held primarily for sale applies despite the replacement property's investment use.
From the free practice set Characteristics of real property investments and investment property types
Question 17 of 50
Which expression is equivalent to one mill?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: $1 per $1,000 of taxable value
One mill is one-thousandth, or 0.001, of taxable value. It equals $1 per $1,000, or 0.1%.
From the free practice set Property taxation, assessed value, and computing the tax rate and tax
Question 18 of 50
Which property type primarily provides space for manufacturing, storage, and distribution?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Industrial
Industrial property serves production, storage, and distribution activities.
From the free practice set Characteristics of real property investments and investment property types
Question 19 of 50
Which statement correctly describes rent increases in an ordinary New York rent-stabilized renewal?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: The renewal rent is subject to applicable lawful rent-increase limits.
Rent stabilization protects renewal and regulates rent increases. Renewal protection does not mean either unrestricted market repricing or a permanent rent freeze.
From the free practice set Leases: leasehold estates, standard provisions, and rent-stabilized renewals
Question 20 of 50
An owner pays mortgage principal, qualifying mortgage interest, homeowners insurance, and routine lawn-maintenance costs on a personal residence. Which payment is potentially an itemized federal income tax deduction?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Qualifying mortgage interest
Qualifying mortgage interest can be deductible when the taxpayer itemizes and satisfies the relevant limits. Principal repayment, personal homeowners insurance, and routine personal maintenance are not such deductions.
From the free practice set Federal income tax treatment of a home: deductions and the principal residence exclusion
Question 21 of 50
A business tenant removes equipment as permitted by its lease but leaves holes made during removal. What responsibility accompanies the removal described in the lesson?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Repair the damage caused by removal
A tenant removing trade fixtures generally must repair damage caused by the removal.
From the free practice set Real and personal property, uses of real property, and its characteristics
Question 22 of 50
What must both buyer and seller provide for a broker to represent them as a dual agent in New York?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Informed consent in writing
New York permits dual agency with both parties' informed written consent. Fee arrangements or agreement on price do not replace that consent.
From the free practice set The real estate agent, agency defined, and client versus customer
Question 23 of 50
Which description best distinguishes real property from the physical real estate?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: The land and improvements together with associated ownership rights
Real property includes real estate and the ownership rights associated with it.
From the free practice set Real and personal property, uses of real property, and its characteristics
Question 24 of 50
A residential project in New York uses pre-engineered wood construction and has an exterior electric box. What marking condition applies before final receipt of the certificate of occupancy or completion?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: The council-approved sign or symbol must be affixed to the exterior electric box
New York requires the council-approved sign or symbol on an exterior electric box, if one exists, as a condition of final receipt of the certificate.
From the free practice set Construction: permits, codes, certificates of occupancy, site requirements, and the structure
Question 25 of 50
An inspector describes parallel framing members that support a floor. Which term most directly fits?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Joists
Joists support floors. Studs commonly frame walls, while footings distribute foundation loads and flashing manages water.
From the free practice set Construction: permits, codes, certificates of occupancy, site requirements, and the structure
Question 26 of 50
Which formula calculates the decimal property-tax rate for a levy?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: The levy divided by the total taxable assessed value supporting it
The tax rate is the amount to be raised by the levy divided by the taxable assessment base supporting that levy.
From the free practice set Property taxation, assessed value, and computing the tax rate and tax
Question 27 of 50
Which comparison correctly distinguishes two New York arrangements: a seller's single agent dealing with a buyer customer, and a broker acting as a properly consented dual agent?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: The single agent represents the seller; the dual agent represents both with limited fiduciary duties.
Single seller agency represents the seller and imposes customer duties toward the buyer. Dual agency represents both parties but limits the fiduciary duties available.
From the free practice set The real estate agent, agency defined, and client versus customer
Question 28 of 50
A New York salesperson uses additional written representations to sell units in a covered offering. What does § 352-e require concerning information used in the offering or sale?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: It must first be filed, and prospective purchasers must be furnished true copies.
Section 352-e(5) requires information and representations used in the offering or sale to be filed first and true copies furnished to prospective purchasers.
From the free practice set Condominiums: definition, by-laws, the sponsor, and the offering plan
Question 29 of 50
A fire destroys a house, and the parcel sells for less afterward. Which explanation is consistent with indestructibility?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: The land endures even though the improvement is destroyed and value falls
Indestructibility concerns the enduring land, not a guarantee of intact buildings or stable value.
From the free practice set Real and personal property, uses of real property, and its characteristics
Question 30 of 50
A New York licensee wants to distinguish an internal office warning from a statutory licensing sanction. Which fact makes a reprimand a license-law sanction?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: The Department of State imposes the reprimand under its disciplinary authority.
Section 441-c empowers the Department of State to impose a reprimand. The source of authority distinguishes that regulatory sanction from informal workplace or association responses.
From the free practice set Purpose of the license law, license categories, and the responsibilities of each licensee
Question 31 of 50
A New York mortgage intermediary asks a borrower to acknowledge that the intermediary also acts as real estate broker in the purchase. What should the borrower understand from that disclosure?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: The intermediary has overlapping mortgage brokerage and real estate brokerage roles.
The disclosure identifies two brokerage capacities. It does not itself establish buyer-seller dual agency, lender approval, or the intermediary’s funding obligation.
From the free practice set Mortgage brokers and bankers, their role, and the Banking Law dual agency disclosure
Question 32 of 50
Which proposed property is the clearest example of a special-purpose investment?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: A performance theater with an auditorium and stage
A theater's auditorium and stage reflect a specialized design tied to a particular use.
From the free practice set Characteristics of real property investments and investment property types
Question 33 of 50
An area has few sites suitable for warehouses while demand for such sites is strong. Which economic characteristic is emphasized?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Scarcity
Scarcity concerns limited suitable supply relative to demand.
From the free practice set Real and personal property, uses of real property, and its characteristics
Question 34 of 50
A New York sponsor says, 'Because filing is not government approval, we do not need a filing letter before advertising our covered public offering under the ordinary procedure.' What is wrong with that reasoning?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Lack of government approval does not eliminate the filing-letter prerequisite.
Section 352-e(2) requires the filing letter before advertising under the ordinary procedure, while subdivision (4) explains that filing is not approval. Both rules apply.
From the free practice set Condominiums: definition, by-laws, the sponsor, and the offering plan
Question 35 of 50
At a New York open house, which arrangement meets the stated notice requirements?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Display the required posting notice and have individual disclosure notices available.
New York requires display of the posting notice at open houses and availability of individual disclosure notices at open houses and showings.
From the free practice set Pressure to discriminate and anti-bias training
Question 36 of 50
A commercial tenant pays a stated rent while the landlord generally pays property operating expenses. Which lease label best fits that expense arrangement?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Gross lease
A gross lease generally places property operating expenses on the landlord, unlike a net lease that shifts specified expenses to the tenant.
From the free practice set Leases: leasehold estates, standard provisions, and rent-stabilized renewals
Question 37 of 50
A lender transfers its interest in an unpaid mortgage loan to another lender. Which term describes that transfer?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Assignment of the lender's interest
Assignment transfers the lender's interest. It differs from assumption of debt, discharge through satisfaction, and acceleration of maturity.
From the free practice set The mortgage and note, the mortgagor's duties, selling mortgaged property, and recording
Question 38 of 50
An owner leases a house to a tenant but retains title. What does this best illustrate?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Rights within the ownership bundle can be separated.
A lease can give a tenant possession while the landlord retains ownership, demonstrating that property rights can be divided.
From the free practice set The bundle of rights, planning, and private land use controls
Question 39 of 50
Before imposing ordinary license discipline in New York, what procedural protection must the Department of State provide?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Notice of charges and an opportunity to be heard
Section 441-e provides notice and an opportunity to be heard before the listed disciplinary actions. Broker permission and a prior civil judgment are not substitutes for that process.
From the free practice set Purpose of the license law, license categories, and the responsibilities of each licensee
Question 40 of 50
Which duty most clearly distinguishes a New York seller's single agent's obligation to the seller from the agent's dealings with a buyer customer?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Undivided loyalty
Undivided loyalty belongs to the seller's fiduciary relationship. Honesty, reasonable skill and care, and good faith also apply in dealings with the buyer.
From the free practice set The real estate agent, agency defined, and client versus customer
Question 41 of 50
Which document primarily expresses a borrower's promise to repay principal and interest?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: The promissory note
The note expresses the repayment obligation and its terms. A mortgage provides security for that obligation.
From the free practice set The mortgage and note, the mortgagor's duties, selling mortgaged property, and recording
Question 42 of 50
New York Penal Law § 35.15 permits defense of which persons, subject to its conditions?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: The actor or a third person
Section 35.15 expressly addresses defense of oneself or a third person without imposing a family or written-authorization condition.
From the free practice set Licensee safety: at the office, in the field, online, and liability
Question 43 of 50
A New York appraiser was hired to help a client's objectives, but third parties would perceive the work as an unbiased opinion by a disinterested appraiser. Which fact controls its classification as an appraisal assignment?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: The third parties' perception of a disinterested appraisal role
New York classifies work as an appraisal assignment when third parties or the public would perceive disinterested appraisal work, regardless of the client's intended specialized-services arrangement.
From the free practice set Appraisal, valuation and evaluation; market value; value, price and cost
Question 44 of 50
A property increases 20% in value and then decreases 20% from its new value. Which statement best explains the result?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: It ends below its starting value because the decrease uses a larger base.
The factors are 1 + 0.20 = 1.20 and 1 − 0.20 = 0.80. Their product is 1.20 × 0.80 = 0.96, leaving 96% of the original value, a 4% loss. The decline applies to the higher intermediate value.
From the free practice set Percentages: commissions, interest, appreciation and depreciation, and points
Question 45 of 50
A New York salesperson refuses to negotiate a commercial lease because of the prospective tenant’s creed. Which statement is correct?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: The prohibition on discriminatory refusals by licensees reaches commercial space.
New York’s prohibition on discriminatory refusals by brokers and salespersons includes commercial space. Neither owner pressure nor an alternative listing excuses the refusal.
From the free practice set Pressure to discriminate and anti-bias training
Question 46 of 50
Which property category is defined by providing multiple housing units?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Multifamily residential
Multifamily residential property provides multiple housing units; multiple units do not by themselves create mixed use.
From the free practice set Characteristics of real property investments and investment property types
Question 47 of 50
A manager acting as the landlord's agent in a covered New York residential rental is asked to negotiate solely for the tenant while continuing the existing landlord-only representation. Which statement correctly describes the existing relationship?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: The agent represents the landlord and must still deal fairly with the tenant
Under § 443, a landlord's agent represents the landlord; honest and fair dealings with the tenant do not themselves create tenant representation.
From the free practice set Property management and the management agreement
Question 48 of 50
An eligible seller plans to rent an apartment after selling a principal residence. How does that plan affect the Section 121 exclusion?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Renting afterward does not by itself prevent the exclusion
Section 121 eligibility does not depend on buying a replacement home. A plan to rent afterward does not by itself affect an otherwise available exclusion.
From the free practice set Federal income tax treatment of a home: deductions and the principal residence exclusion
Question 49 of 50
A property has strong tenant demand but a proposed purchase price and financing that would leave projected receipts below projected payments. Which conclusion is best supported?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: Strong demand alone does not establish that this purchase is a sound investment.
Investment performance depends on price, financing, and operations together, not demand alone.
From the free practice set Characteristics of real property investments and investment property types
Question 50 of 50
A building’s structure stays the same, but a tenant converts its activity from retail sales to manufacturing. Which concept has changed most directly?
Reveal answer
Correct answer: The property’s actual use category
Changing the activity from retail to manufacturing changes actual use from commercial to industrial.
From the free practice set Real and personal property, uses of real property, and its characteristics
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How this test is built
Questions are drawn from the 760 free practice questions for New York, one free practice set per exam module. Each module gets questions in proportion to its share of the exam. The test only changes when the course content is updated.