Types of contracts: express and implied, unilateral and bilateral

Question 1

Which feature makes an agreement express?

Accepted Answer

The parties state their agreement in words.

Answer

The parties infer agreement from conduct.

Answer

The parties exchange reciprocal promises.

Answer

The parties finish their promised performances.

Question 2

An owner verbally offers a painter $900 for a room, and the painter verbally promises to paint it for that amount. How is their agreement classified?

Accepted Answer

Express and bilateral

Answer

Implied in fact and bilateral

Answer

Express and unilateral

Answer

Implied in fact and unilateral

Question 3

A manager and cleaner have an established paid arrangement. Without discussing new terms, the manager indicates another vacant unit, and the cleaner knowingly cleans it for the usual fee with the manager’s acceptance. What best explains agreement?

Accepted Answer

Their conduct supports an implied in fact contract.

Answer

A quasi contract must replace mutual assent.

Answer

The absence of new words prevents agreement.

Answer

The usual price makes the new agreement express.

Question 4

Which exchange defines a bilateral contract?

Accepted Answer

A promise exchanged for another promise

Answer

A promise exchanged for a completed requested act

Answer

A benefit followed by a remedy without agreement

Answer

An agreement inferred from behavior rather than words

Question 5

An owner posts a written offer to pay a reward to whoever returns a missing gate remote. The offer requests return, not a promise to search. Which labels fit?

Accepted Answer

Express and unilateral

Answer

Implied in fact and unilateral

Answer

Express and bilateral

Answer

Implied in fact and bilateral

Question 6

A student says a contract must be either express or bilateral, but cannot be both. What is the best correction?

Accepted Answer

Express describes communication; bilateral describes the exchange.

Answer

Express contracts become bilateral when reduced to writing.

Answer

Bilateral contracts become express when both parties finish performance.

Answer

Express and bilateral are two names for the same feature.

Question 7

Which feature distinguishes an implied in law obligation from an implied in fact contract?

Accepted Answer

It supplies a remedy against unjust enrichment rather than inferring actual agreement.

Answer

It infers mutual assent from an established course of conduct.

Answer

It states the parties’ bargain in spoken terms.

Answer

It exchanges two promises to perform in the future.

Question 8

An owner offers $100 for returning lost keys and specifically requests the return rather than a promise. A neighbor says, “I promise to search tomorrow,” but has not returned them. What has the neighbor supplied?

Accepted Answer

A promise that does not supply the requested acceptance

Answer

The completed acceptance requested by the reward offer

Answer

A reciprocal promise that converts the offer into a bilateral contract

Answer

Conduct establishing an implied agreement to pay for searching

Question 9

A buyer promises to pay and a seller promises to convey under their signed purchase agreement. Neither has performed yet. What makes this exchange bilateral?

Accepted Answer

Each party has made a promise in return for the other’s promise.

Answer

Both parties will attend the same closing.

Answer

The agreement concerns two forms of property: land and money.

Answer

Both parties must finish performance before obligations arise.

Question 10

Which additional fact most strongly supports an implied in fact cleaning agreement rather than a cleaner’s private expectation of payment?

Accepted Answer

The manager knowingly requests and accepts the service under their established paid arrangement.

Answer

The cleaner needs income from the job.

Answer

The cleaner usually charges other customers for similar work.

Answer

The cleaner privately plans to send an invoice.

Question 11

Which pair classifies how the parties communicate their agreement?

Accepted Answer

Express and implied in fact

Answer

Unilateral and bilateral

Answer

Performed and unperformed

Answer

Enforceable and unenforceable

Question 12

A property owner texts, “Will you promise to mow Saturday for $80?” The gardener texts, “I promise.” Which classification applies to the exchange?

Accepted Answer

Bilateral, because a promise is exchanged for a promise

Answer

Unilateral, because the mowing happens later

Answer

Implied in fact, because the parties did not speak aloud

Answer

Quasi contract, because payment follows the work

Question 13

A learner calls a written reward offer bilateral because it contains the owner’s signature. What information should determine unilateral versus bilateral classification instead?

Accepted Answer

Whether the offer requests a return promise or performance

Answer

Whether the reward terms appear in a signed writing

Answer

Whether the document describes personal property or land

Answer

Whether the owner expects performance soon or much later

Question 14

An owner orally states the terms of a proposed sale. A learner says, “Because nothing was written, the terms must be implied.” What is the error?

Accepted Answer

Spoken words can state express terms.

Answer

Implied terms must concern a service rather than a sale.

Answer

Sales agreements are classified by price rather than communication.

Answer

A proposal becomes express only after performance.

Question 15

What does “unilateral” identify in the classic contract distinction taught here?

Accepted Answer

A promise offered in exchange for requested performance

Answer

An agreement involving one human participant

Answer

An agreement recorded with one signature

Answer

An agreement favoring one party economically

Question 16

Offer One asks a contractor to promise to remove debris for $400. Offer Two promises $400 to anyone who removes the debris and expressly requests completion rather than a promise. What differs?

Accepted Answer

Offer One seeks a bilateral exchange; Offer Two seeks a unilateral exchange.

Answer

Offer One is implied; Offer Two is express.

Answer

Offer One is unilateral; Offer Two is bilateral.

Answer

Both seek acceptance through reciprocal promises.

Question 17

A listing assistant says, “The parties stated their terms in an email, so their exchange must be bilateral.” Which conclusion is justified by the email fact alone?

Accepted Answer

The stated terms are express.

Answer

Acceptance must occur through a return promise.

Answer

Acceptance must occur through performance.

Answer

The stated terms are implied in fact.

Question 18

A manager thinks a landscaper will maintain a property for the usual fee, but communicates nothing and receives no conduct indicating assent. What is missing for an implied in fact agreement?

Accepted Answer

Conduct and circumstances indicating mutual assent

Answer

A completed closing

Answer

A court-imposed remedy for unjust enrichment

Answer

An exchange of written terms

Question 19

A seller says that signing a bilateral purchase contract creates no obligation until the buyer pays at closing. Which feature of bilateral contracts contradicts that reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal promises can create obligations before the promised acts occur.

Answer

Bilateral contracts require acceptance through completed payment.

Answer

Bilateral contracts infer assent without stated terms.

Answer

Bilateral contracts impose remedies without mutual agreement.

Question 20

What is the best meaning of “implied in fact” in contract classification?

Accepted Answer

An actual agreement inferred from conduct and circumstances

Answer

A remedy imposed despite the absence of actual agreement

Answer

An agreement stated orally but not written down

Answer

An offer accepted by a reciprocal promise

Question 21

A buyer and seller negotiate detailed promises orally and then put those same promises into a signed writing. How does the communication classification change?

Accepted Answer

It remains express because both stages use words.

Answer

It changes from implied in fact to express.

Answer

It changes from unilateral to bilateral.

Answer

It changes from express to implied in law.

Question 22

A signed maintenance agreement states that the owner promises monthly payment and the contractor promises monthly service. Which fact most directly establishes bilateral exchange?

Accepted Answer

The payment promise is exchanged for the service promise.

Answer

The agreement is signed.

Answer

The property will benefit from maintenance.

Answer

The service is described in written words.

Question 23

Two people are involved in a reward arrangement. One promises payment for a requested act; the other performs that act without making a return promise. Why is counting the people misleading?

Accepted Answer

Unilateral versus bilateral depends on the exchange, not the participant count.

Answer

The number of signatures determines the classification instead.

Answer

Payment makes the arrangement bilateral regardless of acceptance.

Answer

Performance turns an express offer into an implied one.

Question 24

A court imposes an obligation to prevent unjust enrichment without finding an actual agreement. Which term fits that basis?

Accepted Answer

Quasi contract

Answer

Express contract

Answer

Implied in fact contract

Answer

Bilateral contract

Question 25

Which question best separates a bilateral offer from a unilateral offer?

Accepted Answer

Does the offer seek a return promise or the requested performance?

Answer

Was the offer communicated orally or in writing?

Answer

Does the offer concern real property or a service?

Answer

Will payment occur before or after the work?

Question 26

A property owner announces a reward for returning a missing inspection camera. Which response supplies the performance the owner requested?

Accepted Answer

Returning the camera in compliance with the reward terms

Answer

Promising to search the neighborhood

Answer

Agreeing to ask nearby residents

Answer

Stating an intention to return it if found

Question 27

An owner says, “I will pay you $200 if you promise today to clear the walkway tomorrow.” The worker gives that promise. Does the word “if” make the exchange unilateral?

Accepted Answer

No; the requested and supplied return is a promise.

Answer

Yes; conditional wording makes acceptance occur by performance.

Answer

Yes; payment will occur after the walkway is cleared.

Answer

No; the oral wording makes the exchange implied in fact.

Question 28

A manager and handyman point to a routine repair and exchange gestures that, in their established dealings, communicate commitments to repair and pay. No words are used. Which pair best classifies the described agreement?

Accepted Answer

Implied in fact and bilateral

Answer

Express and bilateral

Answer

Implied in fact and unilateral

Answer

Express and unilateral

Question 29

Two buyers discuss the same signed purchase agreement. One calls it express; the other calls it bilateral. The terms state reciprocal promises to pay and convey. How should their conclusions be evaluated?

Accepted Answer

Both labels fit because they address different features.

Answer

The express label defeats the bilateral label.

Answer

The bilateral label defeats the express label.

Answer

Both labels must wait until closing to apply.

Question 30

What is another name for an implied in law obligation?

Accepted Answer

A quasi contract

Answer

An oral express contract

Answer

An implied in fact contract

Answer

A bilateral promise exchange

Question 31

A court finds an agreement because a manager repeatedly requested and accepted paid inspections through conduct understood by the inspector. Which finding distinguishes this from quasi contract?

Accepted Answer

The conduct establishes actual mutual assent.

Answer

The inspections benefit the manager.

Answer

The inspector expects payment.

Answer

The court is resolving a dispute.

Question 32

An owner offers a reward for returning a lost lockbox. A finder returns it under the offer’s terms without making a promise beforehand. Why was a prior return promise unnecessary?

Accepted Answer

The offer requested performance as acceptance.

Answer

The finder’s silence itself accepted the reward offer.

Answer

Written reward terms create implied in law obligations.

Answer

Payment offers require reciprocal promises after performance.

Question 33

Which statement accurately relates the two classification pairs?

Accepted Answer

Words versus conduct and promises versus performance are separate inquiries.

Answer

Express contracts are the written form of bilateral contracts.

Answer

Implied in fact contracts are the unwritten form of unilateral contracts.

Answer

Bilateral contracts become unilateral when performance begins.

Question 34

A learner identifies an oral real estate bargain as express and bilateral, then concludes that these labels establish enforceability. Which step is missing?

Accepted Answer

Separately examining applicable writing and other enforceability requirements

Answer

Reclassifying spoken terms as implied in fact

Answer

Waiting for closing to decide whether the promises were bilateral

Answer

Counting the people involved to confirm the exchange type

Question 35

At a property meeting, an owner says, “I will pay a reward to whoever returns my missing keys; I am asking for their return, not a commitment to search.” Which classification fits this oral offer?

Accepted Answer

Express and unilateral

Answer

Implied in fact and unilateral

Answer

Express and bilateral

Answer

Implied in fact and bilateral

Question 36

An owner alone drafts and signs an offer asking a repair company to promise future repairs in return for payment. A student calls it unilateral because one person prepared it. What is the best analysis of the proposed exchange?

Accepted Answer

It seeks a bilateral exchange because it requests a return promise.

Answer

It is unilateral because preparation by one party determines the exchange.

Answer

It is implied in fact until the company completes the repairs.

Answer

It seeks a unilateral exchange because repairs are a physical act.

Question 37

Without discussing fresh terms, a manager and an inspector knowingly arrange a routine paid inspection through their established conduct. The inspector later sends an invoice. Which fact best supports an implied in fact agreement?

Accepted Answer

Their conduct showed a shared understanding of the paid service.

Answer

The invoice alone created the manager’s earlier assent.

Answer

The inspector privately assigned a value to the work.

Answer

The lack of a new conversation required a quasi-contract remedy.

Question 38

An owner and a plumber exchange promises for a repair and payment. The plumber later finishes the repair. A learner says that only the owner now owes performance, so the original exchange was unilateral. What is the flaw?

Accepted Answer

Remaining performance is being confused with the original exchange of promises.

Answer

A service contract must be implied in fact once work begins.

Answer

A promise to pay is not part of a bilateral contract.

Answer

The plumber’s completed work prevents the agreement from being express.

Question 39

What must conduct support before it can establish an implied in fact contract?

Accepted Answer

An inference that the parties mutually assented

Answer

One party’s expectation of receiving a benefit

Answer

A finding that the parties made no actual agreement

Answer

A conclusion that both parties have finished performance

Question 40

Agreement One uses spoken reciprocal promises for cleaning. Agreement Two uses conduct, understood through prior dealings, to communicate reciprocal commitments for gardening. Which comparison is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Both are bilateral, but the first is express and the second is implied in fact.

Answer

Both are express because both involve reciprocal commitments.

Answer

Both are unilateral because both require physical work.

Answer

The first is bilateral, while the second must be unilateral because it uses conduct.

Which feature makes an agreement express?

An owner verbally offers a painter $900 for a room, and the painter verbally promises to paint it for that amount. How is their agreement classified?

A manager and cleaner have an established paid arrangement. Without discussing new terms, the manager indicates another vacant unit, and the cleaner knowingly cleans it for the usual fee with the manager’s acceptance. What best explains agreement?

Which exchange defines a bilateral contract?

An owner posts a written offer to pay a reward to whoever returns a missing gate remote. The offer requests return, not a promise to search. Which labels fit?

A student says a contract must be either express or bilateral, but cannot be both. What is the best correction?

Which feature distinguishes an implied in law obligation from an implied in fact contract?

An owner offers $100 for returning lost keys and specifically requests the return rather than a promise. A neighbor says, “I promise to search tomorrow,” but has not returned them. What has the neighbor supplied?

A buyer promises to pay and a seller promises to convey under their signed purchase agreement. Neither has performed yet. What makes this exchange bilateral?

Which additional fact most strongly supports an implied in fact cleaning agreement rather than a cleaner’s private expectation of payment?

Which pair classifies how the parties communicate their agreement?

A property owner texts, “Will you promise to mow Saturday for $80?” The gardener texts, “I promise.” Which classification applies to the exchange?

A learner calls a written reward offer bilateral because it contains the owner’s signature. What information should determine unilateral versus bilateral classification instead?

An owner orally states the terms of a proposed sale. A learner says, “Because nothing was written, the terms must be implied.” What is the error?

What does “unilateral” identify in the classic contract distinction taught here?

Offer One asks a contractor to promise to remove debris for $400. Offer Two promises $400 to anyone who removes the debris and expressly requests completion rather than a promise. What differs?

A listing assistant says, “The parties stated their terms in an email, so their exchange must be bilateral.” Which conclusion is justified by the email fact alone?

A manager thinks a landscaper will maintain a property for the usual fee, but communicates nothing and receives no conduct indicating assent. What is missing for an implied in fact agreement?

A seller says that signing a bilateral purchase contract creates no obligation until the buyer pays at closing. Which feature of bilateral contracts contradicts that reasoning?

What is the best meaning of “implied in fact” in contract classification?

A buyer and seller negotiate detailed promises orally and then put those same promises into a signed writing. How does the communication classification change?

A signed maintenance agreement states that the owner promises monthly payment and the contractor promises monthly service. Which fact most directly establishes bilateral exchange?

Two people are involved in a reward arrangement. One promises payment for a requested act; the other performs that act without making a return promise. Why is counting the people misleading?

A court imposes an obligation to prevent unjust enrichment without finding an actual agreement. Which term fits that basis?

Which question best separates a bilateral offer from a unilateral offer?

A property owner announces a reward for returning a missing inspection camera. Which response supplies the performance the owner requested?

An owner says, “I will pay you $200 if you promise today to clear the walkway tomorrow.” The worker gives that promise. Does the word “if” make the exchange unilateral?

A manager and handyman point to a routine repair and exchange gestures that, in their established dealings, communicate commitments to repair and pay. No words are used. Which pair best classifies the described agreement?

Two buyers discuss the same signed purchase agreement. One calls it express; the other calls it bilateral. The terms state reciprocal promises to pay and convey. How should their conclusions be evaluated?

What is another name for an implied in law obligation?

A court finds an agreement because a manager repeatedly requested and accepted paid inspections through conduct understood by the inspector. Which finding distinguishes this from quasi contract?

An owner offers a reward for returning a lost lockbox. A finder returns it under the offer’s terms without making a promise beforehand. Why was a prior return promise unnecessary?

Which statement accurately relates the two classification pairs?

A learner identifies an oral real estate bargain as express and bilateral, then concludes that these labels establish enforceability. Which step is missing?

At a property meeting, an owner says, “I will pay a reward to whoever returns my missing keys; I am asking for their return, not a commitment to search.” Which classification fits this oral offer?

An owner alone drafts and signs an offer asking a repair company to promise future repairs in return for payment. A student calls it unilateral because one person prepared it. What is the best analysis of the proposed exchange?

Without discussing fresh terms, a manager and an inspector knowingly arrange a routine paid inspection through their established conduct. The inspector later sends an invoice. Which fact best supports an implied in fact agreement?

An owner and a plumber exchange promises for a repair and payment. The plumber later finishes the repair. A learner says that only the owner now owes performance, so the original exchange was unilateral. What is the flaw?

What must conduct support before it can establish an implied in fact contract?

Agreement One uses spoken reciprocal promises for cleaning. Agreement Two uses conduct, understood through prior dealings, to communicate reciprocal commitments for gardening. Which comparison is accurate?

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